{"id":742558,"date":"2016-05-05T06:00:42","date_gmt":"2016-05-05T05:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jacksonsart.com\/blog\/?p=742558"},"modified":"2026-03-31T15:28:02","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T14:28:02","slug":"inspired-wall-printmaker-christine-howes-working-methods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jacksonsart.com\/blog\/2016\/05\/05\/inspired-wall-printmaker-christine-howes-working-methods\/","title":{"rendered":"Inspired by a Wall! Printmaker Christine Howes on her working methods"},"content":{"rendered":"
Christine Howes is a Bristol based printmaker who specialises in wood engraving, lino cut and wood cut prints. Her favourite subject is anything to do with the natural world – wildlife, plant life, landscapes and insects. She loves working from direct observation to create beautifully intricate and sensitive images. Christine generously contributed the article below which describes her working methods and how a wall in Cornwall was the focal point for a whole body of work.<\/h5>\n
THE STONE HEDGE \u2013 Reduction Linocut<\/h6>\n
\"Christine
Christine Howes: ‘The Stone Hedge’, linocut (photo by Jo Hounsome)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

During the past few years I have become inspired by a wall in North\u00a0Cornwall. It may be as many as two hundred years old. Every spring\u00a0and summer I spend a few weeks looking at the huge range of plants\u00a0that grow between the stones that look grey in the winter months. It\u00a0seems like magic to me that such colour and diversity can burst forth\u00a0so that in June the entire wall is covered in blossoms of Valerian,\u00a0Campion, Blackberry, Pennywort and Foxglove. I read that six\u00a0hundred flower species, seventy grasses and three hundred common\u00a0mosses, not to mention lichens and ferns can be found in a Cornish\u00a0hedge. In fact the wall is a stone hedge, having some soil inside, and\u00a0I have made drawings and watercolours of some of its contents,\u00a0leading towards several print projects.<\/p>\n

\"Christine
Christine Howes’ immaculate sketchbook<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The journey to my wall prints began with a desire to learn the names\u00a0of the flowers to help me to identify and remember them. My first\u00a0drawings were quick studies in line and watercolour wash in my\u00a0sketchbook. Later I observed them more closely and omitted the line.<\/p>\n

One day I sat next to the wall and made a watercolour of the stones.\u00a0As I sat there I saw bees that entered the foxgloves and seemed to\u00a0live in the cracks of the wall. Butterflies flitted around me and hours\u00a0went by. One early morning I spotted a noisy group of greenfinches\u00a0feeding on blackberries that grew from the wall. The brambles\u00a0arched across the wall and the early light shone palely on the birds,\u00a0lighting them up from the side.<\/p>\n

THE GREENFINCHES \u2013 Reduction Linocut<\/h6>\n
\"Christine
Christine Howes: ‘The Greenfinches’ (detail), linocut print<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The several prints I have made from the wall are mostly printed by\u00a0the Reduction method. If you are new to this way of printing it is best\u00a0to try two colours only at first. Think of your print as having a paler\u00a0background colour, and also a darker shade or colour on top of that.<\/p>\n

You can also use areas of white in your design where the paper\u00a0shows through, by cutting these areas out first. It is difficult to\u00a0visualize until you have a go! Make a rough sketch in two colours plus\u00a0white first.<\/p>\n

BLACKBERRY BORDER \u2013 Reduction Linocut<\/h6>\n
\"Christine
Christine Howes: ‘Blackberry Border’, Reduction Linocut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I transferred the design onto the lino using tracing paper and carbon\u00a0paper. Then I cut away all areas of the design that I wanted to be\u00a0white. I rolled the first colour, pinkish red, onto the lino and printed\u00a0about twenty or more on Zerkall Smooth paper and also a few proofs\u00a0on newsprint. Then I cut away all of the flowers and unripe\u00a0blackberries and some edges of leaves from the lino. These were the\u00a0areas that I wanted to stay in the first colour \u2013 pinkish red, when the\u00a0second colour was printed on top \u2013 green. After I had printed green\u00a0on top of all of the prints, I cut away areas on the lino that I wished to\u00a0stay green and then printed the third colour – black. It is important to\u00a0let the prints dry in between printings, for two to three days. I used a\u00a0Pfeil relief fine tool size L 12\/1<\/a> and it cuts well.<\/p>\n

BULLFINCHES \u2013 Reduction Linocut<\/h6>\n
\"Christine
Christine Howes: ‘Bullfinches’ (detail), linocut print<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I have now made prints of two types of British finches, the\u00a0Greenfinches [above] and also Goldfinches. I rarely see Bullfinches\u00a0except about once a year on the Cornish wall. Looking from a\u00a0window I saw a pair of Bullfinches perching on a small branch and\u00a0feeding. I was stunned by their colours and those of the branch, so\u00a0when they left I went for a closer look. I noticed small pieces of the\u00a0red plant scattered on the ground underneath. The plant was Herb\u00a0Robert and has tiny pink flowers. They had been eating the tips of\u00a0the plant or seed heads. I made a sketch of the bright red leaves and\u00a0tried to work out a relative size for the birds.<\/p>\n

When I came to print the Bullfinches I took a while to decide on the\u00a0order of the colours, as with oil based ink each colour affects the next\u00a0one. I printed the pink of the birds\u2019 breast first and used it as light on\u00a0the plant. Then I printed the red of the stems and leaves as these\u00a0were the most important colours to get right. After this I printed grey\u00a0for the wall and a deep blue-green. I decided that after looking at\u00a0the four colours it was unnecessary to print black.<\/p>\n

\"Christine
Christine Howes: A detail from the carved lino block for ‘Bullfinches’<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I was born and grew up in Bristol. I specialized early and took A level\u00a0art at a technical college with a large art department. I went on to art\u00a0college for five years in Kingston upon Thames where I did a B.A. in\u00a0graphic design and later to do an M.A. at Central School of Art,\u00a0London. I worked freelance in illustration in London and also in\u00a0Australia for three years. After a long career as a book illustrator in\u00a0publishing, I began to teach privately and to take some courses\u00a0myself in printmaking. I attended a class run by Peter Reddick<\/a>, a\u00a0master printmaker and generous teacher. He taught woodcut and\u00a0wood engraving and worked for many years as an illustrator using\u00a0wood engravings to illustrate the entire works of Thomas Hardy for\u00a0the Folio Society<\/a>.<\/p>\n

WREN AND LICHEN \u2013 Wood Engraving<\/h6>\n
\"Chrstine
Chrstine Howes: ‘Wren and Lichen’, wood engraving<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Wood Engraving is the most difficult of the relief methods but\u00a0extremely rewarding. The image is engraved into small blocks of the\u00a0hardest wood. As the tools for this must be very sharp it does not\u00a0require strength but control. The wood used is traditionally end grain\u00a0box wood but there are alternatives available. This little wren was\u00a0carved in pear wood and measures only ten centimetres across.<\/p>\n

I have recently worked on some wood engraved landscapes of North\u00a0Cornwall and a new linocut print of a short eared owl.<\/p>\n

\"Christine
Christine Howes: ‘Sheep on a Hill’, wood engraving<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Christine
Christine Howes: ‘The Owl and Starlings’ (detail), linocut print<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I joined Spike Print Studio<\/a> as a professional member and am now\u00a0proud to be a member of their board of directors.\u00a0I run regular courses in Relief Printmaking at Spike Print Studio,\u00a0Bristol, teaching Linocutting, Woodcutting and occasionally wood\u00a0engraving. I take part in the North Bristol Art Trail<\/a> and BS9 art trail<\/a>.<\/p>\n

I will be exhibiting my work at The Botanic Gardens, Bristol on 14th and 15th May 2016 <\/a>as part of the BS9 art trail in Bristol.<\/p>\n

My prints can be seen at Coldharbour Framery and Gallery<\/a>, Redland,\u00a0Bristol.<\/p>\n

See more at: – www.christinehowes.co.uk<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Christine Howes is a Bristol based printmaker who specialises in wood engraving, lino cut and wood cut prints. Her favourite […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":742918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[163,477],"tags":[1428,367,129,763],"class_list":["post-742558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guest-artists","category-printmaking-art-technique","tag-christine-howes","tag-linocut","tag-printmaking","tag-woodcut"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nInspired by a Wall! 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